Elementarpartikel

Omkring år 1900 bestod universets atomer af de subatomare partikler; elektroner, protoner og neutroner. De blev da klassificeret som elementarpartikler. Det gør de ikke mere, da fysikerne op igennem 1900-tallet har opdaget flere hundrede forskellige subatomare partikler som ikke består af elektroner, protoner eller neutroner.

I dag har partikelfysikkens forskere prøvet at finde en bedre model for stof og den hedder Standardmodellen. I Standardmodellen består stof af 6 kvarker, 6 antikvarker, 6 leptoner, 6 antileptoner. Disse 24 partikler antages i dag at være stofs elementarpartikler.

Herudover eksisterer der også følgende kraftformidlende elementarpartikler: gravitoner, fotoner, W-bosoner, Z-bosoner, gluoner, Higgs. Gravitonen og Higgs partiklen er hypotetisk partikler, da de endnu ikke er eksperimentelt påvist.

Elementarpartikler kan klassificeres i:

• Elementarpartikel
  • Fermioner, stofpartikler (Har spin 1/2, 3/2, 5/2,...).
    • baryoner (kan "føle" den stærke kernekraft).
      • Kvarker: up-kvark, down-kvark, charm-kvark, strange-kvark, top-kvark, bottom-kvark og deres antipartikler.
    • leptoner (kan ikke "føle" den stærke kernekraft).
      • elektron, myon, tauon, elektronneutrino, myonneutrino, tauonneutrino og deres antipartikler.
  • Bosoner, kraftpartikler (Kraftformidlere) (Har spin 0, 1, 2,...).
    • (gravitoner, fotoner, W-bosoner, Z-bosoner, gluoner, mesoner, Higgs-partikel)

Table of contents

1 Stofpartikeltabel 2 Kraftpartikeltabel 3 Se også 4 Eksterne henvisninger

Stofpartikeltabel

Kraftpartikeltabel

Se også

• Subatomar partikel
• Stof
• Partikelfysik
• Rumtid
• Kvantemekanik
• Sparticle

Eksterne henvisninger

• particleadventure.org: The Standard Model, Unsolved Mysteries. Beyond The Standard Model, What is the World Made of? The Naming of Quarks (God populær fremstilling på engelsk).
• quarkdance.org ("Nuttede" dansende kvarker med musik)
• Fundamental particles: quarks and leptons - Science-Park.info
• University of California: Particle Data Group
• particleadventure.org: Particle chart
• 2005-02-17, Sciencedaily: New Measurement Undermines Physicists' Theories For Nature's Hidden 'Particle-force' Collaboration Citat: "...For some reason, which physicists are still puzzling over, the weak force only ever affects left-handed particles...The theories are really a last ditch effort to make do with the fundamentally flawed Standard Model of physics. If these theories keep getting disproved, we're going to have to go on to an entirely new model of the universe's workings..."
• CERNCourier: Season of Higgs and melodrama
• 6 December, 2001, BBCNews: 'God particle may not exist Citat: "...its giant accelerator which should have shown up the presence of the Higgs found absolutely nothing - and this could mean particle physics having to revisit some of its most cherished ideas..."
  • 10 March, 2004, BBC News: 'God particle' may have been seen Citat: "...If correct, Dr Renton's assessment would place the elusive particle's mass at about 115 gigaelectronvolts...However, there is a 9% probability that the signal could be background "noise"..."
• Milo Wolff: The Physical Origin of Electron Spin - using quantum wave particle structure Citat: "...The electron's structure, as well as its spin, had been a mystery. Providing a physical origin of spin for the first time is the purpose of this paper....note that spin, and other properties, are attributes of the underlying quantum space rather than of the individual particle. This is why spin, like charge, has only one value for all particles...This structure settles a century old paradox of whether particles are waves or point-like bits of matter. They are wave structures in space. There is nothing but space. As Clifford speculated 100 years ago, matter is simply, "undulations in the fabric of space". ..."
• Robert Rutkiewicz: Explaining Particle Spin
• Robert Rutkiewicz: Defining Mass Citat: "...The value of mass is not being redefined. But the concept of mass being a fundamental property is reviewed...A new physical law is postulated: All known particles are elements of momentum moving at a velocity c...This extension is based on special relativity and uses SR equation for mass..."
• The Physical Origin of Electron Spin - using quantum wave particle structure Citat: "...note that spin, and other properties, are attributes of the underlying quantum space rather than of the individual particle. This is why spin, like charge, has only one value for all particles...."
• Glimpses of a new paradigm. K.V.K. Nehru Citat: "...Dewey B. Larson introduces the new paradigm that motion is the basic and sole constituent of the physical universe, and space-time is the content—not the container—of the universe...", Dewey B. Larson (1898-1990)
• 8 January 2004, PhysicsWeb: Muons continue to defy Standard Model Citat: "..."The fact that our measurement continues to deviate from theory may be an indication that we are seeing new physics beyond the Standard Model," said Lee Roberts of Boston University..."

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