Amerika

Table of contents

1 Historie 2 Se også 3 Eksterne henvisninger

Historie

Amerika blev (gen)opdaget af Bjarke Herlufsøn ca. 985-986, ved et uheld. Han navngav de fire forskelige dele Markland fordi det var skovbevokset, Vinland fordi det var fuld af vinranker som Frankrig (det ligger på samme breddegrader. Tundra?) Bjørneø, fordi den var fuld af isbjørne, Helluland fordi det var fuld af sten. Helluland havde indlandsis, det kunne han se på dens genskær på himlen.

Leif den Lykkelige købte Bjarkes skib ca. år 1000, udfra den plan, at man kunne overvintre i Markland og fælde træer hele vinteren og så sejle hjem med træet om foråret. Hans ide forudsætter, at man i forvejen havde sejlet til Markland for at fælde træer om sommeren.

I 1492 genopdagede Christoffer Columbus så Amerika, da han forsøgte af finde en søvej til Indien vestover.

Der er delte meninger om, hvordan Amerika har fået sit navn. Den mest udbredte teori er, at det er efter Amerigo Vespucci, der som den første fastslår at det er et nyt kontinent, og ikke Asien.

Se også

• Vinlandskortet
• Kensington-runestenen
• Los Lunas dekalog stenen

• Vejviser: Mike Ruggeri's ancient america and mesoamerica news and links
• September 20 2004, iol: Utah holds secrets of ancient civilisation Citat: "...Archaeologists have documented about 300 sites - pit houses, granaries and petroglyphss - but they've surveyed only about five percent of the canyon drainage..."
• 2002, Brief Communication: Haplogroup X Confirmed in Prehistoric North America (PDF) Citat: "...The presence of haplogroup X in North America might also be due to recent European admixture...Most of these hypotheses have been refuted by more recent research. Derenko et al. (2001) reported the presence of haplogroup X in Altaian populations from southern Siberia...The most convincing evidence that haplogroup X is not the result of Viking or even more recent European admixture..."
  • Web archive backup: Page 1 May 2001 New Spin on the New World Scientists are rewriting American history, changing our perceptions of the New World before 1492.
  • Web archive backup: Page 2 May 2001 New Spin on the New World, næsten mirror The X-Files: DNA evidence shows that some Native Americans might have come from Europe. Citat: "..."One dates between 20 and 30 thousand years ago and the other corresponds roughly to 12 to 17 thousand years ago." But Brown notes the distribution of X today supports the later date...."And while A, B, C, and D, are found in Mexico, Central America, and South America, X is not."..."
• EpigraphyUSA - Central Registry for Precolumbian Inscriptions
• Mystery Hill: America's Stonehenge? Citat: "...How old is the site? Pottery fragments have been tested and found to go back as far as 1000 BC. Charcoal from one fire pit, measured by radiocarbon dating, was found to be 4000 years old..."
• 22 December, 2004, : First Andes civilisation explored Citat: "...Archaeologists used radiocarbon dating to chart the rise and fall of the little known culture, which reigned over three valleys north of Lima. The society, whose heyday ran from 3000 to 1800BC, built ceremonial pyramids and complex irrigation systems..."
• September 06 2004, iol: Did the first Americans come from Down Under? Citat: "...suggests the original inhabitants of America may in fact have come from what is now known as Australia...Skulls of a people with distinctively long and narrow heads discovered in Mexico and California predated by several thousand years the more rounded features of the skulls of native Americans..."We have extracted her DNA. It is going to be a bomb," she said..."
• August 18 2004, iol: Ancient city found in remote jungle region Citat: "...Replete with stone agricultural terraces and water canals, the city complex is thought to have been home to the little-known Chachapoyas tribe...Gene Savoy, named the site Gran Saposoa..."
• 2004-11-18, Sciencedaily: New Evidence Puts Man In North America 50,000 Years Ago Citat: "...However, other early sites in Brazil and Chile, as well as a site in Oklahoma also suggest that humans were in the Western Hemisphere as early as 30,000 years ago to perhaps 60,000..."
• Cult Archaeology Strikes Again: A Case for Pre-Columbian Irishmen in the Mountain State? By W. Hunter Lesser. West Virginia Archeologist Volume 35, Number 2. 1983 WV Archeology Society Citat: "...the only accepted case of pre-Columbian European contact in North America is the Norse site of L'Anse aux Meadows in northern Newfoundland, dated about A.D. 1000. Most significantly, there is not a single case of European artifacts dating from pre-Norse times, despite the tremendous amount of archeological work done on this continent (Goddard and Fitzhugh 1978: 9; Morison 1971)...."
  • Kontroversiel: dpc.dk: Kinesere bag vinlandskortet Citat: "...Den pensionerede, britiske ubådskaptajn Gavin Menzies gør sit bedste for at vende vort verdensbillede på hovedet i en ny bog, der fortæller, at kineserne kom til Amerika før Columbus - og at de i forbifarten rundede Grønland..."
  • Kontroversiel: Ancient American: Articles Issue 30: Internal evidence suggest - An Ancient North African Treasure-Trove in Southern Illinois Citat: "...One of the relatively few marble slabs removed from the Illinois site portrays either a Mauritanian ruler or high priest of the 1st Century A.D..."
  • Omfattende: Archeology, Epigraphy, Pre-Columbian Contacts in America e.legner@ucr.edu
  • Kontroversiel: Ancient Mines of Kitchi-Gummi Citat: "...Language Evidence of a Second Culture...The Newberry Tablet was discovered just north of Newberry, Michigan in November 1896...It has since been discovered that it is written in an ancient script known as a Cypriot Minoan Syllabary (left picture)...This Copper Snake was discovered in the Nippissing Beaches a few miles west of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario...This is only one of the Minoan/Canaanite symbols found among copper culture artifactss...The drugs Nicotine and Cocaine have been found in mummiess from Egypt. These plants are only native to the Americas..."
  • Kontroversiel: Los Lunas NM Decalogue Inscription Citat: "...The Los Lunas Inscription is an abridged version of the Decalogue or Ten Commandments, carved into the flat face of a large boulder resting on the side of Hidden Mountain, near Los Lunas, New Mexico, about 35 miles south of Albuquerque. The language is Hebrew, and the script is the Old Hebrew alphabet, with a few Greek letters mixed in...500 to 2000 years would not be an unreasonable estimate of its age..."
  • Kontroversiel: Science Frontiers ONLINE. No. 15: Spring 1981: Basques in the susquehanna valley 2,500 years ago? Citat: "...Back in the 1940s, Dr. W.W. Strong assembled about 400 inscribed stones from Pennsylvania's Susquehanna Valley. Called the Mechanicsburg Stones...More recently, however, B. Fell claimed that the Mechanicsburg Stones are the work of Basque settlers circa 600 BC. The Basque theory has fared no better than the Phoenician..."
    • Kontroversiel: The Calixtlahuaca Head Citat: "...In 1961, the Austrian anthropologist Robert Heine-Geldern examined the head and declared that it derived "unquestionably" from the Hellenistic-Roman school of art...This age range (870 B.C. - 1270 A.D.) does suggest that the Head is pre-Columbian, contrary to its classification as Colonial by the Museum..."
    • Kontroversiel: Science Frontiers ONLINE. No. 28: Jul-Aug 1983: Romans in rio? Citat: "...In 1976, diver Jose Roberto Texeira salvaged two intact amphorae from the bottom of Guanabara Bay, 15 kilometers from Rio de Janeiro. Six years later, archeologist Robert Marx found thousands of pottery fragments in the same locality, including 200 necks from amphorae..."
    • Kontroversiel: Science Frontiers ONLINE. No. 27: May-Jun 1983: Ogham inscriptions in west virginia? Citat: "...Based upon the style of the Ogham, these petroglyphs may have been chiseled some time between the early Sixth and late Eighth centuries. The Ogham writers may have been Irish monkss who, after the fashion of St. Brendan, sailed west from Europe during this period..."
    • Kontroversiel: Science Frontiers ONLINE. No. 34: Jul-Aug 1984: Ancient old-world lamps turn up in new england Citat: "...In 1980, at a Boston antique fair, a Greek lamp, probably dating from the Sixth Century B.C. turned up. The antique dealer stated that the lamp had been dug up at an Indian site in Manchester, NH...In 1952, a Byzantine oil lamp was found in the Clintin, CT, harbor shell-midden after plowing. The finder described it as an Indian pipe, but it is actually typical of the Mediterranean area circa 750-800 A.D..."
  • Kontroversiel: Science Frontiers ONLINE. No. 8: Fall 1979: Enigmatic Stone Forts Of The American Midwest Citat: "...J.D. Singer has drawn together a fascinating compendium of large stone forts and walled structures west of the Alleghenys. From Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, and all across the Midwest ..."
    • Kontroversiel: Enigma Unsolved: California's East Bay Walls Citat: "... In the barren, dusty hills to the east of the San Francisco Bay, there exist a number of crude stone walls...Up to a meter high and a meter wide... "These walls are just enigmas. They predate the Indians. They predate the Spaniards. It doesn't fit in with any of the later history."..."
  • Kontroversiel: Science Frontiers ONLINE. No. 98: Mar-Apr 1995: Translating The Grand Traverse Stone Citat: "...The Grand Traverse Stone was plowed up about 1877 on a farm in Grand Traverse County, Michigan...The symbols on the Stone are similar to those in the Pan-Mediterranean alphabet in use about the time of Christ...The Grand Traverse Stone is just one of hundreds of tablets, coins, and inscriptions on stone walls that suggest European contacts with the New World in ancient times..."

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